One of the most exciting things about the times we live in is the fact that we stand on the precipice of several major technological shifts. What’s more, the individual innovations that make up these seismic changes are not happening independently, but rather are interweaving to inform and empower one another. As we stand here at the edge, no two innovations are enlivening and empowering the tech industry more than those of AI and 5G.

While AI is making technology smarter across the board, 5G is ensuring that connection speeds are fast enough to allow platforms to interface in real-time. So how exactly do AI and 5G work hand-in-hand to make each other, and the entire tech industry, stronger? Dr. Gregory Dudek, Head of the Samsung AI Center in Montreal, extrapolates on the interplay between the two innovations, and how they stand to change things for consumers.

AI for 5G and Beyond

The Montreal AI Center’s primary area of focus is ‘AI-for-5G’, as Dudek explains. “Bringing the strength of AI to bear in order to make use of the full potential of 5G is the key focus of our research in Montreal,” he relates, “The area is a natural fit for our center, since Montreal is one of the world’s hotbeds for AI research, as well as having a telecommunications research community that has a decades-long history.”

Dudek relates that 5G (and beyond 5G) telecommunications systems are very flexible, and can outperform older systems such as 4G, but that extensive configuration is required to take full advantage of them. “In order to exploit 5G networks’ full potential, and make them applicable for a wide range of users, devices and needs, extensive automated reconfigurability is required,” Dudek says, “And that is where AI comes into the picture.”

The impact that AI stands to have on almost every aspect of our lives, and on our technologies as a whole, is immense – there are few areas of the industry that aren’t expected to be revamped by the introduction of artificial intelligence. “Telecommunication systems have been getting steadily more complex since they were first developed,” Dudek says, “In almost all areas of digital communication, complex optimization problems arise and are solved by increasingly sophisticated solutions that I would often call AI.” According to Dudek, the main thing that AI allows devices to do is “adapt to changing conditions”, and this can lead to those devices being optimized in ways that have rarely been seen before. He says that 5G’s “richer protocols and abundance of cells” provide an opportunity to enhance performance with learning-based AI algorithms, and claims that using AI for 5G is likely to prove “more of a fundamental requirement for state-of-the-art performance than just an opportunity.”

5G Underpins the Future

Just as AI can be used to optimize 5G networks, the enhanced performance characteristics of 5G will be important for many key applications of AI in our daily lives.

Dudek outlines that 5G will be an essential component in many of the key applications of AI. Among those applications, Dudek highlights the automotive, edge computing, robotics and medicine sectors, among others.

“One of the clearest needs is in the domain of autonomous cars and delivery vehicles,” he expands, “Efficient coordination of automotive vehicles will depend on the reduced latency that 5G networks offer.”

Dudek also touches on the area of ‘edge computing’, which is additionally set to empower and be empowered by the introduction of 5G. Edge computing means computing that is done very close to data sources, so that relays back and forth from the cloud are minimized. 5G will accelerate communication speeds between ‘the edge’ and the public cloud, while edge computing, in turn, will improve cybersecurity on 5G networks, reduce the burden on the public cloud and lead to savings on storage and processing costs. Eventually, edge computing is expected to prove helpful in realizing AI’s potential because it will allow computation to be distributed across more devices. 5G is also expected to contribute in this area by accommodating a potentially very large number of edge clients and allowing them to do real-time processing with low latency.

Dudek says that robotics will be another important application of 5G, pointing out that areas such as robotic vision, reasoning and action will all depend on the high-quality connectivity it provides. “Many of the most exciting applications of robotics will combine edge computing, sensing, big data in the cloud and interactions between multiple devices,” Dudek reports, “The combination of bandwidth and low-latency will be critical for things like robotic telemedicine solutions as well.”

Touching on other sectors that 5G connectivity is set to empower, Dudek highlights those of medicine (telemedicine, smart diagnostic capabilities and therapeutic technologies), leisure (multiple streams and viewpoints for sports events and rich, multi-person VR), public transportation and factory automation. “In fact,” Dudek concludes, “if we see 5G and AI as a combined package, then there are very few areas of human activity where there will not be some impact.”

Samsung’s Position

The versatility and power of 5G networks will allow for new kinds of connectivity and the emergence of an all-new family of devices. And, as the dual rise of AI and 5G expands capabilities, the degree to which companies and individuals will be able to take advantage of the resulting solutions will depend on their access. That is why Samsung’s position is such a promising one.

“Samsung has successfully exploited successive waves of the most modern and rapidly-changing technologies,” Dudek imparts, “When it comes to these upcoming innovations – not just AI and 5G, but edge computing, multi-device interactions, machine learning, robotics and personalized devices, – a fluid combination of hardware and software will be crucial. The company’s extensive experience in creating individual devices that can talk to one another and have overlapping functions means that Samsung is in an exceptional position to lead this family of emerging technologies.”

Touching on other areas that are expected to change things for consumers, Dudek says that he also expects Samsung to be instrumental in the sphere of robotics, as well as when it comes to innovations regarding original technologies such as AI and 5G. “It cannot be overlooked that robotics is expected to have a huge influence on our lives,” Dudek says, “And, as robotics is a synthesis of AI and mechatronics, this area is very well-matched to Samsung’s strengths as well.”

What AI and 5G Will Bring to Consumers

For most of us, our devices have already become crucial to going through our daily routines, but the dual inception of 5G and AI is set to make our devices even more complementary to our day to day lives.

“In the near term, AI will make our home lives healthier, safer and more fun,” Dudek says, “But AI also has the potential to help people communicate more easily across linguistic and geographic boundaries.”

“A world where 5G-dependent smart devices become woven into our lives is much closer than most people expect,” Dudek continues, “I expect this embedded, interconnected intelligence to start playing a role in our lives in the near future.”

When one considers the entirety of the picture that Dudek paints, it is hard not to start seeing AI and 5G as more of a necessity than a luxury. Asked how he envisions the combined inception of 5G and AI will change our lives, he says “One of my goals as a researcher is to have a positive impact on the world, and to play a role in bringing important new technologies to life.” He also says that he expects the introduction of 5G and AI to progressively take away more and more of the mundane tasks that people deal with day-to-day. “People will expect much more from the objects around them,” he says, “and this will allow them to focus more on the aspects of their lives that they find more rewarding.”

There is much anticipation these days around the field of robotics with its immense potential and promising future applications. However, a large gap exists between public expectations and what is actually deemed technically feasible by scientists and engineers today. Fortunately, Samsung’s New York AI Center is buoyed by the presence of a team of highly skilled researchers, led by robotics and AI expert Dr. Daniel D. Lee, who are working to close this gap. Samsung Newsroom spoke with Dr. Lee about the work being done at the center, as well as the facility’s ability to foster collaboration in a range of areas and attract top talent.

Challenges to Overcome

Asked about his center’s mandate, Lee explains that the New York AI Center focuses on “fundamental research at the intersection of AI, robotics and neuroscience.” The center’s objective is to “solve challenging problems” at this intersection, and one good example is the problem of robotic manipulation¹.

Put simply, robots need to become far more skillful before they are ready to help humans with physical tasks in their daily lives. The first step involves endowing robots with the intelligence to perceive and understand their surroundings. Next, they must be able to make swift decisions in unpredictable situations. Finally, robots should be dexterous and nimble enough to perform the appropriate actions. However, it is impossible for robot designers to anticipate every contingency robots will encounter in real world environments. Thus, robots need to be able to learn from experience just as humans do.

At this time, most common machine learning methods are not suitable for teaching robots since enormous amounts of training data are required. Lee explained that there are several challenges that need to be addressed regarding machine learning for robotics.

“Dealing with the physical world is much more difficult for AI than playing video games or Go,” he explains, “We are currently developing AI learning methods that can deal with the uncertainty and diversity of the physical world so that robots become more prevalent in homes and workplaces. I would compare the state of robots today to computers in the 1980’s during the transformation from mainframes to personal computers.”

The New York AI Center is addressing such challenges to provide a richer AI and robotics experience. For instance, the center has recently developed novel AI methods that are able to efficiently teach robots using limited data. One recently-developed method trains a neural network to generate motion trajectories for a robot arm directly from camera images.

Getting a Handle on Robotic Manipulation

In order to allow robots to handle things for people, robots need to learn how to touch, grasp, and move a variety of everyday objects. Lee explains how the problem of dexterous robotic manipulation is an area of focus for the New York AI Center.

Lee comments that “the ability of humans and some animals to manipulate household objects is currently unmatched by machines. That’s why we are investigating how AI-based solutions can be applied to make breakthroughs in this area.” Extrapolating further, Lee explains that ‘dexterous’ robotic manipulation “requires the ability to precisely and robustly handle objects exhibiting uncertain material properties.”

“Manipulation is relatively easy if the objects and environments are carefully controlled, such as on a factory floor,” Lee reports, “But it becomes much more difficult in unknown, cluttered environments when faced with a diverse array of objects.”

By way of an example, Lee lays out the capabilities that would be required for a robot to serve a chilled glass of wine in a restaurant. “How heavy is the glass, and how slippery is it due to condensation?” He adds, “It’s impossible to completely model all the possible physical characteristics of the glass of wine, so machine learning is critical in training robots to handle the difficult situations.”

Collaborative Innovation

As the AI sector has grown more sophisticated, it has become increasingly clear that collaborative solutions are critical for researchers to overcome the challenges they face. In an area as complex and multi-faceted as robotic manipulation, contributions from and collaborations with “the world’s best and brightest” will be instrumental, comments Lee. He highlights the value of working with both other Samsung AI Centers and academic institutions, saying that, “solving fundamental problems in AI to positively impact society requires drawing upon the ability and skills of numerous experts globally.”

He added, “The Samsung AI Centers invite collaborations with researchers who can help address these difficult challenges. We currently have a number of faculty from leading academic institutions who are collaborating with us in New York.”

Attracting Talent

Lee highlights just how beneficial being located in New York has been for his team, saying that “certainly, New York City is one of the greatest and most diverse cities in the world. It is a magnet for world-class research and engineering talent.”

Attracting the very best in talent is extremely important to remain on the bleeding edge of future AI advancements, and Lee reports that the center has been fortunate in this area, saying, “We have benefited from being able to attract and recruit some outstanding researchers since we started the Center.”

“Our team is composed of expert scientists and engineers who are creating innovative theories and algorithms and state-of-the-art technological developments,” Lee adds, “It’s been great working with them to publish in leading academic conferences and journals as well.”

How Robotics Could Revolutionize Our Lives

Speaking about how he envisions robots will fit into society in the future, Lee points out that, in their infancy, some robots drew attention because they were cute and fun, but that people tended to use them less as the novelty wore off. In order for people to see robots as valuable and relevant, new systems need to have enough intelligence that they become indispensable in our daily lives.

“Intelligent robotic systems have the potential to completely revolutionize how people go about their activities in the future,” Lee extrapolates, “In the near term, we will see modest improvements on simple tasks in constrained environments. But more complete systems that can handle a variety of chores and complex tasks will require further research breakthroughs. The Samsung AI Centers are helping to generate those new advances.”

Asked to outline what he sees as the ultimate vision for AI and robotic intelligence, Lee says, “I grew up reading and watching science fiction stories that envisaged amazing robots helping humans. It would be incredible to see some of those positive visions actually come to life.”

¹ The ability for robots to interact with and move physical objects in a range of environments.

As technology has evolved, it has changed our lives dramatically. It’s truly startling to think just how different life was before the invention of innovations like smartphones, the internet and PCs.

Recently, AI has emerged as a hot topic in this regard based on its potential impact both on technology and on society. Especially with on-device AI¹, AI will be embedded in devices that we use in everyday lives without necessarily connecting to processors in the cloud. To learn more about this exciting subject, Samsung Newsroom met with the head of the Samsung AI Center Cambridge, Dr. Andrew Blake.

Dr. Blake was formerly the Director of both the Alan Turing Institute (which he also helped found) and, before that, Microsoft’s Cambridge Research Laboratory. As a pioneer in the development of the theory and algorithms that make it possible for computers to behave as seeing machines, he explained how Samsung’s AI and hardware innovations will enrich people’s lives in fundamental ways.

Taking IoT to the Next Level

“AI is what is going to breathe life into IoT,” begins Blake.

On-device AI realizes AI functions by processing AI algorithms on the device itself, without necessarily connecting to the cloud, and that is advantageous for privacy and personal information protection, as well as for security.

Unlocking AI-powered smart devices’ true potential will require a combination of two factors: seamlessly connected hardware and an approach to AI that is human-centric above all else.

“One key area is health and fitness – for example, linking exercise, food and mental wellbeing. Another is communication and memories – especially via photography and video. For that, we have to move past the academic world of prototypes working on high-powered computer systems, and get AI working in a leaner fashion – on the everyday devices that people are using.”

The Right Tools

As Blake notes, Samsung’s wide-ranging device portfolio makes it uniquely qualified to deliver this human-centric future for AI.

“This is a great time to be adding new dimensions to Samsung’s AI capabilities, given the company’s leading market position in devices of all sorts,” says Blake. “On-device AI begins with hardware, and this is why working for Samsung is such a fabulous opportunity for AI researchers.”

“Hardware is the channel that moves us beyond simply smart algorithms, to put those algorithms in everyone’s pockets and homes. The big challenge that Cambridge is addressing is moving high-quality embedded AI beyond specialists’ research labs, where people with PhDs in machine learning and in systems work for several months to implement a new embedded system. We envisage a world where advanced tools enable the world’s software developers to move their AI models, simply and effectively, onto Samsung devices, and we are working hard on those tools.”

As Blake explains, on-device AI, in which AI algorithms are processed on a device itself, rather than sent to the cloud, offers significant advantages here by providing a safe and reliable means to protect users’ privacy and data. “We also need to do that in a way that holds the data close, to reassure people that their data is being held safely and privately”, he added.

A Multi-Disciplinary Approach

When it comes to AI, what exactly does the Cambridge AI center want to bring to consumers? The answer to that question is what Samsung has described as a human-centric approach to AI innovation, which Blake describes in further detail.

“Human-centric AI is about homing in on the areas of life that people really care about,” says Blake. “I believe this will require a multi-disciplinary approach. I am not so excited about a future designed solely by engineers. Instead, we need to collaborate with other disciplines, especially design – hardware, user interfaces, and above all, system design – and with human disciplines such as psychology, to achieve a technological future that really helps people live better.”

Taking this multi-disciplinary approach, the Cambridge AI center endeavors to better understand human behavior by exploring areas like communication of emotion, and further expand the boundaries of user-centric communication.²

Drawing from a Diverse Team

Samsung AI Center Cambridge employs a team of experts of various disciplines, and emphasizes collaboration between them.

“We work together a lot as a team,” says Blake. “Our two Program Directors, Maja Pantic and Nic Lane, are world-experts in non-verbal human behavior and in embedded AI, respectively. We also have quite a few senior specialists in machine learning, in machine vision, in networks and devices, and in computing and cognition. We now have a team of very talented people, and new ideas are flowing freely!” says Blake.

As Blake notes, what makes the Cambridge AI center unique is not just its team’s wide-ranging expertise, but its location as well.

“Cambridge is a very special place,” begins Blake. “The university is one of the strongest in the world in research, and that is coupled with an extraordinary culture of research ventures, and a whole constellation of startups in robotics, medicine, AI, self-driving, and many other areas.”

“Being in this environment is important to us for several reasons. It is a stimulating ecosystem and an extraordinary network; it is a rich source of expert talent; it is well connected to the ‘Golden Triangle’ with London and Oxford.”

Of course, in addition to taking full advantage of the benefits that come with its location, the Cambridge center draws strength from its connections to other AI centers in Samsung Research’s global network.

“I am especially pleased to be connected with Samsung’s other AI centers around the world, where I know some of their internationally renowned scientists well,” says Blake. “I believe that, as we begin to work together, we can bring something special to consumers.”

Having more than 40 years of experience working in the field of AI, Blake added, “I was born in the same year as AI – 1956 – the year the Dartmouth conference famously coined the term AI – and I have been studying AI vision for 40 years. I have been lucky to have such an extraordinary career.”

¹ AI that processes information on a device itself, rather than sending that information to the cloud. Because on-device AI does not rely on outside networks, it is regarded as safer and more reliable than cloud-based AI.

² https://internetofbusiness.com/samsung-uk-to-open-new-ai-centre/

Sven Dickinson, Head of Samsung’s Toronto AI Center

Can you imagine a world where the personal AI assistant on your smartphone is able to understand as much about the world as you do? What about a scenario where communicating with that AI assistant is as natural and easy as interacting with another human? Developing those kinds of capabilities is exactly what the team at Samsung’s AI Center in Toronto are putting their minds to.

Samsung Newsroom sat down with Sven Dickinson, Head of Samsung’s Toronto AI Center to learn more about these exciting fields, and what they could mean for the future.

The Vision for Vision

The second Samsung AI center established in North America, Samsung’s Toronto AI Center is led by Dr. Sven Dickinson, an expert in computer vision and former chair of the Department of Computer Science at the University of Toronto.

At the epicenter of AI research and development, Samsung’s Toronto AI Center is mainly focused on developing the visual understanding capabilities that allow a Samsung device to understand the world in which it’s situated. In addition, the team is working on multi-modal interactions, which are user-machine interactions that encapsulate vision, language and knowledge.

“Allowing Samsung devices to ‘see the world’ through computer vision enables them to ‘visually ground’ their dialog with the user, providing an integrated, multimodal experience that’s far more natural than one that’s solely vision or dialog-based” says Dickinson, whose expertise includes exploring problems surrounding shape perception and object recognition.

Touching on the benefits of multimodal technology, Dickinson claims that, “I should not have to read manuals to figure out which buttons to push on my device and in which order. Rather, I should be able to show my device what I want, and tell it what I want, in natural language that is understandable, and situated in the world that I live in.”

Extrapolating on the interplay between computer vision and multimodal inputs, he goes on to say that, “To achieve this breadth of comprehension, the device has to have a model of my understanding of the world, the capacity to communicate robustly and naturally with me, and the ability to see and understand the same world that I see.”

Remarking on applications for this technology, Dickinson identifies the most compelling as being “a personal assistant that you not only speak to, but that sees the world the same way that you do.” Speaking to the importance of multi-modal device interactions, Dickinson points out how much cancelling out one of the modes of communication (audio, speech, sight etc.) would hamper communication between two people, and says that also applies to personal devices.

A Truly Enhanced User Experience is Key

At the 2019 Consumer Electronics Show (CES), Samsung unveiled its vision for Connected Living, which involves connecting the 500 million devices the company sells every year, and making them intelligent. Dickinson highlights that Samsung’s broad product portfolio will be instrumental in fulfilling this vision, saying that, “What differentiates Samsung is that it makes a multitude of devices in the home, including digital appliances, TVs, and mobile phones. Samsung has a unique opportunity to leverage these devices to yield a multi-device experience which follows the user from one device to another, and one room to another. This will help realize the full potential of each device to effectively communicate, to help the user execute device-specific tasks, and to learn the user’s habits and preferences so that subsequent communication is not intrusive but instead ‘always helpful.’”

Speaking about what his center will need to do to truly realize computer vision and multimodal interaction, Dickinson comments that, “Vision is not about understanding images; vision is about understanding the world. Truly capable AI systems must possess an understanding of our world, of its physics and causality, of its geometry and dynamics. They must also be able to model and understand human behavior.” He extrapolates on this by pointing out that, “If our devices can see the 3D world that we live in the same way as we do, i.e., understand the 3D shapes, positions and identities of objects in our shared environment, then our devices can visually experience the world as we do. Such a shared visual context will be crucial in developing fully realized personal assistants.”

Dickinson says that Samsung is leading the charge when it comes to truly intelligent visual understanding, and identifies ‘visual grounding’ as an essential pre-requisite for well-rounded visual understanding capabilities. “Samsung is leading the way when it comes to developing human-device interaction that closely mimics human-human interaction,” Dickinson says, “We aim to provide visual grounding and knowledge representation scaffolding for dialog-based interaction services. Without these components in place, users become disappointed with services, and quickly tune out.”

Human-device Interactions Based on Open Information Sharing

Dickinson goes on to explain that AI also needs to be able to explain itself to the user. He remarks that, after failing to carry out a task or provide an appropriate response, “A device should be able to reflect to the user precisely how and why it came up with that response (or lack thereof). Ideally, it should be able to follow up with the user by asking a question or asking the user to adjust its camera or other input modes so that it can gather more information and formulate an appropriate response.” Dickinson relates that this kind of openness and information sharing will be key to the further sophistication of human-device interactions, noting that “What we call the domain of ‘active dialog and active vision’ is where the system can construct a mental model of what the user understands, and can, in turn, open up its own mental model so that the user can understand the thought processes of the device.”

The Benefits of Being Based in Toronto

Asked about how being based in Toronto affects the AI center, Dickinson remarks that the center enjoys a lot of benefits due to its close proximity to various world-class AI-related institutions, including the University of Toronto, York University and Ryerson University. “Being in Toronto offers us a tremendous regional advantage,” Dickinson comments, “We are across the street from the University of Toronto, home to the Department of Computer Science (DCS), which is one of the top-10 international computer science departments. Over half the members of our AI Center are either active faculty, graduates or current students at DCS.”

On the topic of collaboration between Samsung’s global AI centers, Dickinson relates that, “The seven global AI centers are working to create industry-leading solutions in their respective areas of focus, while coordinating to achieve the common goal that is realizing Samsung’s ultimate AI vision.” Dickinson touches on the topic of the Toronto AI center collaborating with other AI centers further afield, saying that, “We are starting to explore possible research collaborations with other global AI centers, and hope to converge on some use cases of value to Samsung and its products and services.”

Sebastian Seung, Executive Vice President & Chief Research Scientist, Samsung Electronics

There’s no denying that the age of AI is upon us and that the ways we engage and interact are set to change in big ways. In anticipation of this, Samsung Electronics has opened AI centers across the world to ensure that the company leads the charge on AI. 2019 marks the 50^th anniversary of Samsung Electronics, and the company has forecast another 50 years of ingenuity ahead, with AI set to be at the heart of future innovation.

To gain a great insight into what AI means for the future of society, as well as the work being done at the Samsung AI Centers, Samsung Newsroom sat down with Executive Vice President & Chief Research Scientist, Dr. Sebastian Seung.

Seung joined Samsung Electronics in 2018. He is also a professor at the Princeton Neuroscience Institute and Department of Computer Science. Seung is one of the most influential scientists in the world when it comes to AI research based on neuroscience.

Artificial Neural Networks and AI

Based on his extensive experience and insights into the field of artificial neural networks¹, Seung is working on developing future growth engines for Samsung Electronics by establishing an AI strategy and providing advice on advanced research.

Artificial neural networks are mathematical models or computer simulations of the biological neural networks in the brain. “Convolutional networks, now the dominant approach to computer vision, were inspired by Nobel Prize-winning neuroscience of the 1960s,” according to Seung. His research at Princeton focuses on mapping the neuronal “wiring diagram” of the cerebral cortex. “I hope that our 21^st century studies of the cortex will finally reveal how it learns, and that this new understanding will lead to more powerful artificial neural networks,” says Seung.

In his work for Samsung, Dr. Seung travels back and forth between the U.S. and Korea. His recent work is especially focused on advanced research regarding robots, which is the New York AI Center’s main field of research.

Deep Learning and Robotics

These days, robots are already present in society in the forms of robot vacuum cleaners in our homes and robotic arms being used in factories and by shipping companies. Seung acknowledges that these robots already represent an early stage of this technology, but says that what he is aiming for is something much more sophisticated. “In order to develop robots that can, for instance, reach out to pick something up and put it away,” Seung says, “we have to equip them with computer vision so they can see what’s in front of them, and with brains so that they know what all these objects in your house are and what they should do with them.”

Seung acknowledges that labs have tried in the past to achieve these capabilities through the classical approach of programming, but that that hasn’t really worked out. “We have realized that we have to somehow allow the robot to learn to perform the required actions itself,” says Seung, “and a lot of that involves the deep-learning approach.”

Seung points to the area of home automation as a primary application for their work. “In the future, you can imagine robots that won’t just give you weather information or change the temperature – they’ll perform far more helpful tasks in your home. They’ll pick up the toys, wash the dishes and even take the laundry up and down the stairs.”

AI in Society

No discussion of AI would be complete without addressing the apprehensions some people feel when it comes to the technology and the ways in which it stands to change our way of life. Seung addresses this question first with regards to the prospect of people losing their jobs to automation. “I think this issue of robots taking our jobs is exaggerated,” he relates. “Firstly, in the last 20 years, the U.S. and many other developed countries have lost a lot of jobs to offshoring, not just to automation. As in the first industrial revolution, many jobs were eliminated, but that didn’t mean that there were fewer jobs in total, because new jobs arose from the new circumstances.”

Seung went on to comment on the wider attitudes towards automation of industry, and the fact that the issue needs to be looked at through a different lens. “If robots really could do all of our work, why shouldn’t we be happy about that?” he said.

Asked the inevitable question about doomsday scenarios in which machine intelligence outstrips that of humans and robots take over the world, Seung claimed, “People don’t actually know what the real capabilities of AI are. And part of that is a public misconception based on science fiction movies that convince people that robots can do anything. In reality, robots are still really clumsy.”

Seung went on to point out that AI developments may well end up greatly helping us, instead of dooming us. “Are robots going to do something bad to us?” he said. “Well, the reason that I don’t worry about that is that of all the environmental and political threats to humanity, robots are not very high on the list. And not only that, I think that if humanity is to best equip itself to deal with any and all future threats, we need to be as smart as possible. And that involves having the most sophisticated technology. You could be a science-fiction pessimist and say maybe these robots could turn on us, but you could also argue that maybe we’ll use these robots to save us.”

Speaking to other misconceptions about AI, Seung pointed to the actual capabilities of the technology. “The public thinks that AI can do more than it really can,” he said. “To give you an example, I met someone who wanted AI to replace her doctor. But there are many things that no human doctor can fix. So, because our current approach to AI involves training machines based on the expertise of human practitioners, if the best human experts can’t solve it, then the AI can’t do it either. It’s not like AI will all of a sudden be able to perform tasks better than the human experts.”

The Next 50 Years of AI

Having reached its 50-year anniversary this year, Samsung is now looking to AI to spearhead the next 50 years of innovation. Asked what he expects for this period, Seung said, “In 20~30 years robots will be able to work in the home just as humans can. It will have happened the same way that the mobile phone revolution has happened. Everybody has a mobile phone now – billions of them are sold every year – and the same is going to be true of robots.”

Home automation and self-driving cars based on AI are other hot-button topics right now. Seung says he fully expects AI-equipped cars to become a reality, but that the timeline for their inception is hard to sketch out. “AI is going to lead to a lot of labor-saving things happening in people’s everyday lives, like autonomous cars for instance,” he said. “Are they going to be here next year, or will it take 20 years? Experts are realizing that full autonomy will take longer than the media originally portrayed, but most still believe that it will be achieved. I’d like to see Samsung have some part in that revolution, if not lead that revolution.”

The prospective benefits of AI are enormous in scale and diverse in focus. Outlining some of the applications of AI that the general population may not be aware of, Seung remarked that “The effect AI could have on scientific research is a major one. AI can be applied to accelerate scientific discovery, and in the long term, it will have a huge impact on areas like materials engineering and chemistry. Let’s say I want to design a new molecule with certain properties – AI might allow me to do that more easily. Then, that new molecule could have applications for a drug company, or really any company that creates materials. So AI is not only applied to technology – it’s also used for scientific discovery, which then accelerates the advancement of technology.”

¹An artificial neural network is an attempt to simulate the network of neurons that make up a human brain so that the computer will be able to learn things and make decisions in a humanlike manner. (https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2018/09/24/what-are-artificial-neural-networks-a-simple-explanation-for-absolutely-anyone/#1b4809251245)

Pavel Ostyakov, one of the researchers from SAIC-Moscow, won first place among 110 teams at the “Inclusive Images Challenge,” a Kaggle¹ competition hosted by Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) 2018, which took place in Montreal, Canada from December 3^rd to the 8^th. NeurIPS, formerly known as NIPS, is the world’s largest conference in the field of AI. As of 2017, a total of 8,000 people participated at the event. Apart from machine learning and neuroscience, experts from many related research fields such as cognitive science, computer vision, statistical linguistics, and information theory actively participate in the conference. Winning this challenge was a significant achievement for both Samsung and Pavel as he has been named the Competitions Grandmaster in the Kaggle category of data science expertise, which is the highest tier possible. Pavel also has the honor of being ranked one of the world’s top five scientists on Kaggle.

In the “Inclusive Images Challenge”, participants developed image recognition and classifier models that can successfully perform image classification tasks even when the test images are geographically and culturally different from the previously shown images in which the recognition models were trained for.

(Left image, from left) Pavel Ostyakov, a Researcher at Samsung AI Center-Moscow (SAIC-Moscow), and Jin Wook Lee, the Head of Samsung R&D Institute Russia. (Right image) A snapshot of SAIC-Moscow’s opening ceremony, which took place in May of this year

For example, an image classifier may fail to properly apply “wedding” related labels, such as “bride,” “groom,” and “celebration,” to an image, if a couple is not wearing traditional western European wedding attires or colors. This challenge attempts to address the biases that exist in many of the most popular training datasets. Through this challenge, researchers can identify ways to teach image classifiers by generalizing the accumulated data and apply them in new geographic and cultural contexts. The expectation is that the scientific community will make even more progress in inclusive machine learning that benefits everyone, everywhere.

Samsung has been a strong proponent for inclusive and fair AI in which the two principles are deeply incorporated into its AI developments, emphasizing the need for a truly global and bias-free artificial intelligence as it plays a bigger role in society. Samsung’s joining of the Partnership on AI (PAI) in November is also a part of this effort.

Last September, the SAIC-Moscow team also participated in “The 2nd YouTube-8M Video Understanding Challenge,” hosted by the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV) 2018. ECCV is one of the world’s top research conferences in the computer vision area and is held biennially. In this Kaggle competition, researchers were provided with public YouTube-8M training and validation datasets that consists of millions of videos with labels, and then asked to develop classification algorithms, which accurately predicts the labels of 700,000 previously unseen YouTube videos. During the competition, the SAIC-Moscow team utilized a unique approach in its complex model and data analysis, placing second by a very narrow margin.

An exterior view of the White Square Business Center, where SAIC-Moscow is located

“We love these competitions because they provide us with opportunities to measure ourselves to participate with the best in the AI industry,” said Pavel Ostyakov at SAIC-Moscow. “Researchers at Samsung are obsessed with making AI a part of everyday lives. So, it is exciting to take part in the challenges where we can contribute our skills to develop the technology.”

The global AI centers reflect Samsung’s commitment to next generation AI development. Besides Russia, there are six others located across the globe – Korea, Silicon Valley and New York in the U.S., Toronto and Montreal in Canada, and Cambridge, the U.K. Each location is focused on a different area of strengths and leverages its unique characteristics. These AI centers are playing a pivotal role in implementing Samsung’s vision for human-centric AI technologies and products.

¹An online community allowing users to find and publish datasets, explore and build models in a web-based data-science environment, work with others, and enter competitions to solve data science challenges.

The new Center’s main research areas will be computer vision and basic algorithms for AI platform. The Center will also expand the field of AI for key areas such as robotics, intelligent driving assistance, as well as those for future projects by Samsung.

The Samsung AI Center in Russia will be led by Professor Dmitry Vetrov of the Higher School of Economics (HSE). With a Ph.D. degree in Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Vetrov is also the Head of Samsung’s laboratory at the Center for Deep Learning, and Bayesian Methods Research Group at the HSE.

As the leader of the Center, Professor Vetrov will combine scientific work and administrative activities: interacting with Samsung’s divisions and third-party institutions, organizing the Center’s overall work, managing work groups, as well as controlling and participating in scientific research. Professor Viktor Lempitsky of the Skolkovo Institute of Science Technology will also join the team as the leader of the research group.

“Samsung has always been the first to introduce new products and solutions that change the way people interact. Considering Russia as one of the world’s biggest hubs in the field of technical sciences, it is only natural that we chose the country as one of the sites for our new AI Center,” said Ultack Kim, President of Samsung Electronics Headquarters in CIS countries. “A team of the world’s best scientists and IT specialists at the AI Center will help Samsung bring its robotics and AI technologies to a whole new level.”

While there currently are several joint AI laboratories at Moscow State University, the Higher School of Economics and the PDMI RAS, the new Center will establish additional joint labs with Russia’s leading universities. In addition, Samsung will conduct projects with the local universities and different regions of Russia including Kazan, Samara, Rostov-on-Don, Tomsk, and Novosibirsk. Considerations regarding cooperation with Russian start-ups to solve practical problems are also under discussion. Moving forward, these can be developed into full-fledged services related to AI and machine learning, as well as promising developments in the field of applications and components for the company’s products.

“Samsung plans to introduce AI technologies to all of its connected devices and services by 2020. AI will enhance our customer value by offering information and services under any circumstances,” commented Jin Wook Lee, the Head of Samsung R&D Institute Russia, at the opening of the new Center. “This will be a huge step for the world of technology, and will help simplify the implementation of everyday tasks,” he added.

As the popularity of Internet of things (IoT) devices grows, the area of application of AI-based solutions is expanding rapidly. According to the forecast of Samsung experts, IoT devices with built-in AI will generate enormous amounts of data in the coming years. By processing this information, the devices will be able to provide maximum personalization and full compliance with the users’ needs.

“Currently, AI is one of the most promising branches of technology. The opening of the Samsung AI Center in Russia will allow us to contribute to the development of the industry and to apply the achievements of the Russian mathematical school, which has a high level of practical training of research specialists,” said Professor Vetrov.

Earlier in May, Samsung has opened two new AI Centers in Cambridge (UK) and Toronto (Canada). More information about Samsung AI Center in Russia and global AI Centers is available at Samsung Research website.