At the forefront of research into next-generation network architectures, Samsung Electronics embeds AI throughout communications systems while leading technology development and standardization efforts in AI-RAN.

▲ Charlie Zhang, Senior Vice President, 6G Research Team at Samsung Electronics

In part three of this interview series, Samsung Newsroom spoke with Charlie Zhang, Senior Vice President of 6G Research Team at Samsung Electronics, about the evolution of AI-RAN and how Samsung’s research is preparing for the 6G era. This follows parts one and two of the series exploring Samsung’s efforts in 6G standardization and global industry leadership.

Reimagining 6G for a Dynamic Environment

In today’s mobile communications landscape, sustainability and user experience innovation are more important than ever.

“End users now prioritize reliable connectivity and longer battery life over raw performance metrics such as data rates and latency,” said Zhang. “The focus has shifted beyond technical specifications to overall user experience.”

In line with this shift, Samsung has been conducting 6G research since 2020. The company published its “AI-Native & Sustainable Communication” white paper in February 2025, outlining the key challenges and technology vision for 6G commercialization. The paper highlights four directions — AI-Native, Sustainable Network, Ubiquitous Coverage and Secure and Resilient Network. This represents a comprehensive network strategy that goes beyond improving performance to encompass both sustainability and future readiness.

▲ The four key technological directions in “AI-Native & Sustainable Communication”

“AI is not only a core technology of 5G but is also expected to be the cornerstone of 6G — enhancing overall performance, boosting operational efficiency and cutting costs,” he emphasized. “Deeply embedding AI from the initial design stage to create autonomous and intelligent networks is exactly what we mean by ‘AI-Native.’”

How AI-RAN Transforms Next-Gen Network Architecture

To realize the evolution toward next generation networks and the vision for 6G, network architecture must evolve to the next level. At the center of this transformation is innovation in RAN, the core of mobile communications.

Traditional RAN has relied on dedicated hardware systems for base stations and antennas. However, as data traffic and service demands have surged, this approach has revealed limitations in transmission capacity, latency and energy efficiency — while requiring significant manpower and time for resource management. To address these challenges, virtualized RAN (vRAN) was introduced.

vRAN implements network functions in software, significantly enhancing flexibility and scalability. By leveraging cloud-native technologies, network functions can run seamlessly on general-purpose servers — enabling operators to reduce capital costs and dynamically allocate computing resources in response to traffic fluctuations. vRAN is a key platform for modernization, efficiency and the integration of future technologies without requiring a full infrastructure rebuild. Samsung has already successfully mass deployed its vRAN in the U.S. and worldwide.

▲ Network Evolution towards AI-RAN

AI-RAN ushers in a new era of network evolution, embedding AI to create an intelligent RAN that learns, predicts and optimizes on its own. Not only does AI integration advance 4G and 5G networks that are based on vRAN, but it also serves as the breakthrough and engine for 6G. Real-time optimization sets the platform apart, boosting performance while reducing energy consumption to improve efficiency and stability.

In addition, AI-RAN enables networks to autonomously assess conditions and maintain optimal connectivity. “For instance, the system can predict a user’s movement path or radio environment in advance to determine the best transmission method, while AI-driven processing manages complex signal operations to minimize latency,” Zhang explained. “By analyzing usage patterns, AI-RAN can allocate tailored network resources and deliver more personalized user experiences.”

Proven Potential Through Research

Samsung is advancing network performance and stability through research in AI-based channel estimation, signal processing and system automation. Samsung has verified the feasibility of these technologies through Proof of Concept (PoC). At MWC 2025, the company demonstrated AI-RAN’s ability to improve resource utilization even in noisy, interference-prone environments.

“With AI-based channel estimation, we can accurately predict and estimate dynamic channel characteristics that are corrupted by noise and interference. This higher accuracy leads to more efficient resource utilization and overall network performance gains,” said Zhang. “AI also enhances signal processing. AI-driven enhancements in modem capabilities enable more precise modulation and demodulation, resulting in higher data throughput and lower latency.”

System automation for RAN optimization further analyzes user-specific communication quality and real-time changes in the network environment, dynamically adjusting modulation, coding schemes and resource allocation. This allows the network to predict and mitigate potential failures in advance, easing operational burdens while improving reliability and efficiency.

“These advancements enhance network performance, stability and user satisfaction, driving innovation in next-generation communication systems,” he added.

Global Collaboration Fuels AI-RAN Progress

International collaboration in research and standardization — such as the AI-RAN Alliance — is central to advancing AI-RAN technology and expanding the global ecosystem.

“Global collaboration enables knowledge sharing and joint research, accelerating the industry’s adoption of AI-RAN,” said Zhang. “Samsung is a founding member of the AI-RAN Alliance and currently holds leadership positions as vice chair of the board and chair of the AI-on-RAN Working Group.”

▲ Organizational structure and roles of the AI-RAN Alliance

Building on its expertise in communications and AI, Samsung is advancing R&D in areas such as real-time optimization through edge computing and adaptability to dynamic environments.

“Samsung’s involvement accelerates AI‑RAN adoption by bridging technology gaps, promoting open innovation and ensuring that advances in AI‑driven networks are both commercially viable and technically sound — thereby advancing the ecosystem’s maturity and global impact,” he explained.

Through this commitment to collaboration and investment, AI-RAN technology is expected to progress rapidly worldwide and become a core competitive advantage in next-generation communications.

Leading the Way Into the 6G Era

Samsung is strengthening its edge in AI-RAN with a distinctive approach that combines innovation, collaboration and end-to-end solutions in preparation for the 6G era.

Through an integrated design that develops RAN hardware and AI-based software in parallel, the company is enabling optimization across the entire network stack. Samsung has boosted performance with its deep expertise in communications, while partnerships with global telecom operators and standardization bodies are helping accelerate industry adoption of its research.

Continued research in areas such as radio frequency (RF), antennas, ultra-massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)¹ and security is playing a critical role in transforming 6G from vision to market-ready technology. With the establishment of its AI-RAN Lab, Samsung is accelerating prototyping and testing, shortening the R&D cycle and paving the way for faster commercialization.

“Beyond ecosystem development, Samsung is positioning itself as a leader in AI-RAN through a blend of innovation, strategic collaboration and end-to-end solutions,” Zhang emphasized. “Together, these elements cement Samsung’s role at the forefront of AI-RAN.”

AI-RAN is redefining next-generation communications. By integrating AI across networks, Samsung is leading the way — and expectations are growing for the company’s role in shaping the future.

In the final part of this series, Samsung Newsroom will explore the latest trends in the convergence of communications and AI, along with Samsung’s future network strategies in collaboration with global partners.

¹ Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission improves communication performance by utilizing multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver.

In this context, Dr. Younsun Kim, Master at Samsung Electronics’ Technology Standards Research Team, was elected Chair of the 3GPP Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network (TSG RAN) in March, marking the first time a Korean has taken on the role. As Chair, Dr. Kim is expected to play a pivotal role in shaping next-generation communications standards in this early and formative phase.

Following part one of this interview series, Samsung Newsroom sat down with Dr. Kim for part two to explore the strategic challenges and opportunities he faces in his leadership roles at 3GPP and Samsung Research, as well as his vision for the future of 6G standardization.

▲ Dr. Younsun Kim, Master at Samsung Electronics’ Technology Standards Research Team

Full-Scale Launch of 6G Technical Standardization Efforts in 2025

In 2023, the International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) released the 6G Framework, outlining the overarching direction for future communications technologies. By 2026, the organization aims to finalize both the technical requirements and evaluation methods for candidate technologies.

In line with this timeline, 3GPP held a 6G workshop in Korea this past March, officially marking the start of formal standardization efforts. TSG RAN — currently chaired by Dr. Kim — plays a central role in this process, accounting for a major portion of patents associated with global communication standards.

“During the June meeting — the first meeting I chaired since taking on the role — we approved the 6G Study Item,¹ the official starting point of 6G technology research,” said Dr. Kim. “We’ve now entered the phase of closely evaluating the performance enhancement potentials of candidate technologies. Based on these findings, the roadmap and timeline for 6G specifications are expected to be finalized by June of next year.”

▲ 6G standardization roadmap

6G development is currently in the stage of establishing use cases and technical requirements, which lays the groundwork for detailed research on candidate technologies. This research is expected to continue for approximately two years, through mid-2027. After that, the process will formally transition to the standard specification development phase, known as the Work Item,² with the first set of official 6G specifications projected to be completed by mid-2029.

Consensus-Building: The Core of Standardization Leadership

Dr. Kim is an industry veteran who began his work on mobile-communication physical-layer standardization in 1999. Over the past 26 years, he has been involved in standardization activities across multiple generations from 3G to 6G. In 2017, he was appointed Vice Chair of RAN1, one of the working groups within 3GPP TSG RAN, and became Chair of RAN1 in 2021, where he led the development of the initial 5G standards and subsequent discussions to further advance 5G standardization. Since being elected Chair of the 3GPP TSG RAN in March, he now oversees all RAN-related standardization discussions.

▲ The journey from 3G to 6G standardization

“As RAN1 Chair, I mainly approached the decision making process from a technical perspective. Even when discussions were intense, decisions could ultimately be made based on technical merit or evidence,” said Dr. Kim. “But now, overseeing the entire scope of RAN standardization, I find that many issues can no longer be resolved just based on technical aspects alone.”

3GPP is a global partnership project comprising more than 800 member organizations from 43 countries. With such a wide range of stakeholders — each bringing their own needs, strategies, and technical proposals — the Chair plays a crucial role in shaping the technical agenda, mediating conflicting viewpoints, and guiding the overall direction of discussions.

▲ (Left) Dr. Younsun Kim presides over a 3GPP TSG RAN meeting; (Right) Attendees engage in the meeting proceedings.

“One of the Chair’s key responsibilities is to lead discussions on future work scope of RAN working groups and coordinate development timelines. The role also involves setting technical priorities and steering dialogue in the right direction,” Dr. Kim explained. “That said, since 3GPP operates based on consensus, decisions are made only when a shared understanding is reached among participating companies.”

The Need for Balance That Goes Beyond Corporate and National Interests

Building consensus is no easy task. As the focal point of standardization discussions, the Chair must act as both a trusted architect and an impartial mediator, capable of reconciling a wide range of interests. The role demands a global perspective and strong sense of balance that transcend corporate or national affiliations.

“The foremost duty of the Chair is to build a structure that partners can trust and rally behind,” said Dr. Kim. “Driving consensus requires the ability to understand differing regional and business perspectives — and to craft workable compromises. Over the next four years, I’ll focus on deepening engagement with member companies and gaining a fuller understanding of their views.”

As the first Korean to chair the 3GPP TSG RAN, Dr. Kim is a true trailblazer. His leadership not only marks a personal milestone but also reflects Samsung Electronics’ growing influence across the global standardization landscape. Backed by the company’s technological expertise, Dr. Kim is helping carry forward Samsung’s legacy of innovation on the world stage as the industry turns its focus to how the 6G standard will take shape in the years ahead.

In part three of this series, Samsung Newsroom will explore AI-RAN, a next-generation communications technology poised to reshape the industry, and highlight Samsung’s research initiatives aimed at establishing it as a global standard.

¹ A preliminary research phase focused on evaluating the technical feasibility and performance of candidate 6G technologies before formal specification begins.
² A formal development phase in which technologies identified during the Study Item are further refined, specified and incorporated into official standard specifications.

Since 2020, Samsung Electronics has played a pioneering role in advancing next-generation communication technologies through active participation in international standardization efforts. This includes the publication of its 6G white papers and securing of key positions in major organizations such as the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). At the May 2025 3GPP elections, Samsung secured additional leadership positions, reaffirming its distinct standing at the forefront of the industry.

To shine a light on this progress, Samsung Newsroom is launching an interview series with the leaders of the company’s communications business, which will introduce the current state of next-generation communications technology research and global standardization efforts. In part one of the Communications Leadership Interview series, the Newsroom sat down with Jin-Kyu Han, Vice President of the Tech Standards Research Team at Samsung Research, to discuss the current landscape and future outlook of 6G standardization, as well as Samsung’s strategies and vision.

▲ Jin-Kyu Han, Vice President of the Tech Standards Research Team at Samsung Research

International Standards for Seamless Communication Across Borders

Today, using our own smartphones to access roaming services while traveling abroad is something we often take for granted. This is a convenience that has only become truly seamless through the invisible promise of international standards — born from the collaboration of countless companies and experts around the world.

“Common protocols are essential for products and services from different companies to work together seamlessly,” explained Han. “In the mobile communications industry, where a diverse range of players — including smartphone manufacturers, network equipment vendors, telecom operators and semiconductor companies — are involved, standardization is an indispensable element. It plays a key role in uniting the world into a single market.”

Standardization serves as the backbone that drives the global communications industry toward a unified direction. “At technological inflection points like the transition to 6G, the importance of industry-wide discussions and consensus on standards becomes even greater,” Han emphasized.

Global Collaboration Driving 6G Standardization

How does global standardization actually function? Unlike initiatives driven by a single entity, global telecommunications standardization is built on a clear, step-by-step framework of collaboration. Two key players in this process are the International Telecommunication Union (ITU¹) and the 3^rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP²).

“The ITU sets the direction for each new generation of communication technology, and based on that blueprint, the 3GPP works with global companies to define the technical details and carry out the standardization process,” explained Han.

▲ Overview of ITU and 3GPP

Global 6G standardization has now entered its launch phase. Following preliminary discussions on 6G technology directions that began in 2021, ITU-R officially announced the recommended framework for 6G standardization in November 2023. With the goal of finalizing 6G technical specifications by 2030, 3GPP plans to develop and propose a range of candidate technologies.

“3GPP took its first step toward 6G standardization by hosting a workshop in Korea this March,” explained Han. “6G study items were approved during its plenary meeting in June, and starting in the second half of this year, detailed technical discussions will begin within its Working Groups (WGs).”

▲ Key milestones and objectives of the ITU and 3GPP by year

The standardization of 6G is a shared journey in which the world works together toward a common goal. As standardization efforts gain momentum, companies worldwide are moving quickly to position their technologies within this framework, ensuring interoperability while developing solutions that meet market demands.

Samsung’s 6G Leadership: Driving Consensus Amid Fierce Competition

Countries and companies around the world are participating in discussions on next-generation communications standardization, each taking on specific roles. This process demands forward-looking leadership capable of both steering technological development and harmonizing diverse viewpoints—a role where Samsung Electronics has emerged as a central figure, simultaneously advancing innovation while building industry consensus.

Standardization is a continuous process marked by fierce competition among countless global stakeholders that aim to secure a lead in standards by having their own technologies incorporated. In this complex landscape, Samsung has consistently been elected to leadership positions within groups, earning recognition for its neutrality, credibility and coordination capabilities

“Samsung chaired the ITU-R’s 6G Vision Group, helping to establish the initial global vision for 6G and contributing to the design of its early roadmap,” explained Han. “We’re also leading discussions within 3GPP by serving as chairs and vice chairs across various technical groups, steering the direction of standardization.”

Currently, Samsung Electronics holds a total of eight chair and vice-chair positions across 3GPP’s key Technical Specification Groups (TSGs). Han added, “In particular, the Radio Access Network (RAN) and System Architecture (SA) WG2 groups, where Samsung serves as chair, are central to shaping the structure and direction of 6G technologies. These groups are at the core of industry-wide technical discussions and the fact that Samsung chairs them is a testament to our influence.”

Samsung is also laying a solid technological foundation for standardization discussions through its pioneering research activities across various core 6G technologies. Since standardization only holds real value when it is backed by concrete technologies and practical feasibility, Samsung’s technological competitiveness contributes to making these discussions more effective.

“3GPP chairs are responsible for guiding discussions according to the timeline, while mediating and resolving various conflicts that arise during the standardization process,” Han explained. “Holding a significant number of chair positions is a clear sign that the mobile communications industry recognizes our technological capabilities and leadership.”

Key Focus Areas for Next-Generation 6G Research

As technical discussions within 3GPP begin in earnest this year, Samsung is concentrating its research on the core technologies necessary for 6G commercialization. At the heart of these discussions are three key phrases: AI integration, enhanced energy efficiency, and strengthened security.

“6G should deliver user-perceivable improvements, not just faster speeds or higher quality,” noted Han. “By applying AI technologies to network operations, we can automate complex processes while simultaneously reducing operational costs and improving service quality.”

“From the increasingly critical perspective of security and privacy, Samsung is also focusing on building safer communication systems while increasing system flexibility to easily and rapidly incorporate new services,” he added.

As we approach the 6G era — where technologies and services will connect seamlessly across national borders — international cooperation and coordination are more important than ever. In this evolving landscape, Samsung Electronics continues to play a leading role in shaping the global conversation on next-generation connectivity.

In part two of this series, Samsung Newsroom will explore the 6G standardization roadmap, key focus technologies and Samsung’s role as chair of the 3GPP TSG RAN, providing a closer look at the forefront of next-generation communications discussions.

¹ Short for the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), a United Nations specialized agency dedicated to advancing information and communication technologies (ICT) and networks. Its work includes allocating radio frequencies, establishing technical standards, and supporting developing countries, while playing a vital role in fostering international cooperation in the global ICT sector.
² Short for the 3rd Generation Partnership Project, an international collaborative initiative established to develop standards for mobile communication technologies. It primarily develops globally applicable specifications for mobile communication systems, including radio access networks, services and systems, core networks, and mobile devices.

▲ Dr. Younsun Kim, Master at Samsung Research

Samsung Electronics today announced that it has secured a leadership position at the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), the world’s largest telecommunications standard development organization.

During the plenary meeting held in Incheon on March 12, Dr. Younsun Kim, Master at Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics, was elected as Chair of 3GPP Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network (TSG RAN),¹ which is responsible for standardizing all aspects of wireless technology, such as the physical layer, protocol aspects and radio resource control.

“I believe that my election as chair is further recognition of Samsung’s leadership in mobile communication technology,” said Dr. Kim. “6G standardization involves more than just solving technical issues; it is a collaborative effort requiring participation from all companies and organizations in the mobile communication sector. I will make every effort to successfully lead 3GPP’s TSG RAN and advance the standardization of 6G.”

Since its establishment in 1998, 3GPP has led the development of global mobile communication technology standards with participation from major telecommunications companies and organizations worldwide, including Samsung, Apple, Qualcomm, Huawei, Ericsson and Nokia.

In May 2021, Dr. Kim was elected Chair of 3GPP Radio Access Network Working Group 1 (RAN WG1), which is the largest working group within 3GPP and responsible for developing physical layer specifications for 3GPP radio access technologies. Over the past four years, Dr. Kim has successfully led the standardization of 5G physical layer technology, significantly contributing to the emergence of the 5G network industry.

Through Dr. Kim’s expanded role as Chair of 3GPP TSG RAN starting in May, Samsung will be able to contribute to the standardization of 6G, the next generation of mobile communication technology.

Dr. Kim’s appointment to the chair position of the Technical Specification Group is viewed as a recognition of Samsung’s contributions and technological leadership in the mobile communication industry.

The company currently holds two chair positions in RAN WG1 and SA WG2, as well as four vice-chair positions in RAN WG2, SA WG4, SA WG6 and CT WG3. With Dr. Kim’s election as Chair of 3GPP TSG RAN, Samsung Electronics will maintain the industry’s highest number of chair positions within 3GPP, even after the RAN WG1 chair term expires, solidifying its pivotal role among over 800 member companies.

The advancement of mobile communication systems is now at a turning point. It must not only enhance transmission speeds but also drive 6G standardization with a focus on new values. 3GPP plans to launch research on 6G in the second half of this year.

6G aims to achieve future-oriented and sustainable advancements in mobile communication technology, including improving the energy efficiency of networks, enhancing network quality using AI and introducing security technologies to prevent attacks originating from quantum computers. At this critical milestone, Dr. Kim’s election as chair by the support from international mobile communication standards experts holds great significance.

Meanwhile, Samsung recently published a 6G White Paper titled, “AI-Native & Sustainable Communication” that outlines the latest trends and future of next-generation mobile communication technologies. It also highlights Samsung’s leadership in 6G research and other key technologies.

With its leadership in next-generation communication technology and Dr. Younsun Kim’s role as Chair of 3GPP, Samsung is expected to lead the standardization of 6G technology and make significant contributions to the advancement of the mobile communication industry overall.

¹ The 3GPP comprises three Technical Specification Groups (TSGs): Radio Access Network (RAN), Service and System Aspects (SA), and Core Network and Terminals (CT). Each TSG consists of 4–6 Working Groups (WGs), for a total of 15 working groups.