How small is a nanometer? If you can fathom just how small a nanometer is, then you might come close to being able to visualize just how Samsung engineers managed to pioneer a revolution in displays through cadmium-free quantum dot technology. Quantum dots are semiconductor particles that have transformed how we experience color and light on our TV screens.

In this conversation with Yohan Zondak, Head of Visual Display, Samsung Southeast Asia and Oceania, we take a closer look at the scientific breakthroughs, the challenges, as well as the future of this groundbreaking technology that has redefined what is possible for home entertainment.

Q:          Tell us more about Samsung’s journey to cadmium-free quantum dot technology.

A:           Quantum dot technology made waves in the beginning, thanks to the technology enabling superior color reproduction and contrast. However, the technology at the time required the use of cadmium composites. This was a grave issue as cadmium is one of ten substances that are strictly regulated under the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive, which intends to limit the amount of hazardous chemicals in electronics. Simply put, cadmium is a toxic material that is harmful to both human health and the environment.

We then asked ourselves this question: How might we achieve the exceptional color performance that quantum dots can bring, but without using cadmium altogether?  

This took some effort, but in 2014, we successfully patented our first cadmium-free quantum dot material using indium phosphide as a viable alternative in quantum dot displays that could deliver comparable performance as compared to cadmium composites.      

This breakthrough did take a significant amount of effort to realize, as indium phosphide composites is chemically less stable than cadmium composites. This required the innovation of specialized polymer materials for the quantum dot film, as well as new stabilization techniques to ensure that these cadmium-free quantum dots could withstand sufficient temperatures and light exposure without degradation.

Most significant was the overall environmental impact of this discovery. By removing cadmium from the picture for our QLED TVs, we managed to eliminate the potential use of a toxic substance from millions of homes, while still delivering the vivid colors and brightness consumers expect.

Q:          What should consumers look for in genuine quantum dot technology?

A:           In Samsung’s QLED TVs, quantum dots function as the core material that converts or emits light. This makes the quantum dots a necessary part of how the display works. However, as Samsung’s QLED technology has gained recognition for its superior picture quality, we’ve also observed the term “QLED” adopted as a marketing label across the industry and hope to help consumers gain a better understanding of what a genuine QLED TV should deliver.

There are three things that consumers should look out for in authentic quantum dot displays.

First is the total amount of quantum dot content—Samsung’s QLED TVs contain a large amount of actual quantum dot material, well above the minimum threshold to bring about meaningful color enhancement qualities in red and green.

Second is the presence of specialized quantum dot optical components, which separates the color-determining part from the LED backlight. This is what allows us to achieve both color accuracy and brightness levels of up to 2,000 nits in our displays. The quality of this quantum dot film also plays a key role in enabling rich color expressions as well as impacting both the performance and lifespan of the quantum dot TV.

Third, is the absence of cadmium. Samsung has invested significantly in developing safer quantum dot TVs without compromising visual performance. To date, we have secured around 150 patents for our cadmium-free quantum dot technology.  

Q:          What is Samsung’s approach to consumer trust and authenticity in its QLED offerings?

A:           Maintaining consumer trust begins with transparency. We have clearly defined what makes a genuine quantum dot display. In this case, a quantum dot display is one that uses quantum dots for photoconversion or photoemission as its core display technology. We want our customers to understand what they are buying.

To ensure authenticity, we look to rigorous third-party validation. For example, our cadmium-free quantum dot technology is certified by SGS, a global leader in testing and certification. We also adhere to Common Criteria certification that assesses the security integrity of IT products; our Knox security platform is integrated into our 2024 TV lineup, has received this certification for ten consecutive years.

In addition, when the Nature Nanotechnology scientific journal surveyed world-renowned experts about what they would consider a proper product based on nanotechnology back in 2019, the consensus pointed to quantum dot-enhanced displays. In summary, the same QLED TVs that Samsung have made.

We believe consumers deserve both exceptional performance and peace of mind. That is why we have invested in developing not just better displays, but safer ones too. By eliminating harmful substances like cadmium, as well as integrating advanced security through Samsung Knox, we demonstrate that premium performance does not have to come with compromises.

Q:          How is Samsung’s QLED technology evolving to meet new demands in home entertainment?

A:           The ongoing evolution of quantum dot technology for entertainment is due to its core strengths of precise color reproduction, high brightness, and remarkable energy efficiency. These factors are increasingly important as the content that we consume becomes more sophisticated.

One of the development pathways that we are looking at involves electroluminescent quantum dots, where the quantum dots themselves convert electrical energy directly into light, which has the potential to bring display technology to the nano-level.

Today, we are already integrating AI capabilities with our display technology to enhance the viewing experience. Samsung Vision AI enables your Samsung TV to deliver exceptional enhancements in picture and sound quality, for example. On-device AI picture and sound technologies analyze content and environmental factors in real-time, dynamically adjusting visuals and audio for an optimized experience.

At the end of the day, our goal is to make viewers feel like they are immersed in the content, rather than consuming it through a medium. With each evolution of our quantum dot technology and other displays, we get closer to this vision becoming reality.

This approach has been instrumental in enabling us to lead the global TV market for 19 consecutive years since 2006, with our QLED TVs commanding half of the market share in their category.

Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. today announced that its latest lineup of QLED TVs has received ‘Real Quantum Dot Display’ certification from TÜV Rheinland, an international certification organization based in Germany. The certification verifies that Samsung’s QLED TVs meet global standards for quantum dot display structure, reinforcing the company’s technological leadership in the premium TV market.

The certification confirms that Samsung QLED TVs comply with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 62595-1-6 standard, which defines the application of quantum dot (QD) light converting unit combined with blue light sources for standard QLED displays.

As part of the certification process, TÜV Rheinland analyzed the light spectrum produced by Samsung QLED TVs and confirmed that it displayed clear separation between red, green, and blue—an important marker of color accuracy. This distinction is enabled by quantum dots and may not be as pronounced in displays using alternative materials, which can sometimes cause color mixing or reduced clarity. The results demonstrate how Samsung’s use of quantum dots contributes to delivering vivid and precise color expression.

With the latest certification, Samsung’s QLED TVs are officially validated as true quantum dot displays, further differentiating Samsung’s offerings and strengthening consumer trust in premium television technologies.

“This certification objectively validates that Samsung QLED TVs deliver true quantum dot performance built to international standards,” said Taeyong Son, Executive Vice President of Visual Display Business at Samsung Electronics. “We will continue to drive innovation and strengthen consumer trust as we lead the premium TV market.”

The series that have received certification include the Neo QLED 8K (QN990F, QN950F), Neo QLED 4K (QN90F, QN85F, QN80F, QN70F), and QLED 4K (Q8F, Q7F, Q6F) series.

Quantum dots are ultra-fine nanomaterials, tens of thousands of times smaller than a human hair, renowned for their ability to reproduce precise and vivid colors depending on light wavelength. The method by which quantum dots are integrated into display panels has become a key indicator for evaluating technological advancement in the premium TV segment.

Separately, Samsung’s quantum dot technology has also been recognized by global testing organization Société Générale de Surveillance (SGS) for its excellence in cadmium-free design—an environmentally conscious approach that eliminates the use of cadmium, a toxic heavy metal known to pose risks to human health and the environment.

A Certified Viewing Experience That’s Smarter and Safe – Now in Malaysia

Samsung’s latest QLED TVs aren’t just smart – they’re officially certified for delivering exceptional visual quality and safety. The 2025 QLED TV lineup has earned the “Real QD (Quantum Dot) Display” certification from TÜV Rheinland, a globally recognized testing body, reinforcing Samsung’s commitment to bringing world-class innovation into everyday living rooms.

This certification acknowledges the display’s ability to deliver :

• 100% Color Volume powered by Quantum Dot technology
• Precise color reproduction that meets industry-leading standards
• Low blue light emission, providing better eye comfort for prolonged viewing
• Long-term performance reliability for consistent picture quality

But what does this mean for Malaysia viewers?

It means the content you love – whether it’s the vibrant costumers of a K-drama, the intense atmosphere of a football match, or the cinematic richness of Hollywood blockbusters – is delivered with color accuracy and clarity you can trust. Add in the AI-powered enhancements from Samsung’s 2025 Vision AI technology, and you’ve got a TV that doesn’t just show content, it intelligently adapts to your room’s lighting and sound conditions in real time.

Pre-Order Now and Unlock Exclusive Rewards

Pre-order from 13 May – 1 June 2025 and transform your home with Samsung Vision AI. Enjoy a premium soundbar (worth up to RM6,499)  with pre-order selected Samsung AI TVs[1] or a Customisable Bezel (worth up to RM899) with pre-order selected The Frame models[2]  — the ideal combination of performance and style.

If you’ve secured a Samsung Reservation+ voucher (RM100) during the registration of interest period, now’s the time to redeem it for up to RM800 in additional savings. Better yet, it stacks with the pre-order deal — making this the ultimate upgrade opportunity.

Here’s how to pre-order:

1. Visit the Samsung Online Store or participating retail outlets nationwide
2. Select your 2025 AI TV model
3. Apply your SR+ voucher (if applicable) and proceed to checkout
4. Redeem your complimentary gifts via the Samsung Redemption Portal from 13 May to 15 July 2025 [3]

Now certified for true quantum dot display quality, enhanced with Vision AI, and bundled with cinematic audio, Samsung’s latest AI TVs are designed to deliver the most immersive and intelligent viewing experience yet — right in the heart of your home.

To pre-order, visit : https://www.samsung.com/my/tvs/pre-order/

[1] The Promotion is on a first come first served basis, and while stocks last. Terms and conditions apply.

[2] The Promotion is on a first come first served basis, and while stocks last. Terms and conditions apply.

[3] The availability of Free Gift is on a first come first served basis, and while stocks last. Terms and conditions apply.

— Taeghwan Hyeon, Seoul National University

Quantum dots have been at the forefront of display innovation over the past decade, delivering some of the most accurate color reproduction among existing materials. In 2015, Samsung Electronics paved the way for the commercialization of quantum dots with the launch of SUHD TVs — a breakthrough that moved beyond the use of cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal traditionally utilized in quantum dot synthesis, by introducing Samsung’s first no-cadmium quantum dot technology.

The academic world took notice. The successful commercialization of cadmium-free quantum dot TVs not only set a new direction for research and development but also played a pivotal role in the awarding of the 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots.

Following , Samsung Newsroom uncovers how Samsung has contributed to academia through groundbreaking advances in material innovation.

▲ (From left) Taeghwan Hyeon, Doh Chang Lee and Sanghyun Sohn

Why Cadmium Was the Starting Point for Quantum Dot Research

“I was truly impressed that Samsung succeeded in commercializing a no-cadmium quantum dot display product.”

 — Taeghwan Hyeon, Seoul National University

Quantum dots began attracting scientific interest in the 1980s when Aleksey Yekimov, former Chief Scientist at Nanocrystals Technology Inc., and Louis E. Brus, a professor emeritus in the Department of Chemistry at Columbia University, each published their researches on the quantum confinement effect and the size-dependent optical properties of quantum dots.

Momentum accelerated in 1993 when Moungi Bawendi, a professor in the Department of Chemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), developed a reliable method for synthesizing quantum dots. In 2001, Taeghwan Hyeon, a distinguished professor in the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering at Seoul National University (SNU), invented the “heat-up process” — a technique for producing uniform nanoparticles without the need for size-selective separation. In 2004, Hyeon published a scalable production method in the academic journal Nature Materials — a discovery widely regarded as a potential game changer in the industry.

▲ Taeghwan Hyeon

However, these efforts did not immediately lead to commercialization. At the time, quantum dots relied heavily on cadmium(Cd) as a core material — a substance known to be harmful to humans and designated as a restricted material under the European Union’s Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive.

“Currently, the only materials capable of reliably producing quantum dots are cadmium selenide (CdSe) and indium phosphide (InP),” explained Hyeon. “cadmium selenide, the conventional quantum dot material, is a compound of group II and group VI elements, while indium phosphide is formed from group III and group V elements. Synthesizing quantum dots from group II and VI elements is relatively straightforward, but combining group III and V elements is chemically much more complex.”

▲ A comparison of cadmium-based quantum dots with ionic bonds and indium-based quantum dots with covalent bonds

Cadmium, an element with two valence electrons, forms strong ionic bonds[1] with elements like selenium (Se), sulfur (S) and tellurium (Te) — each of which has six valence electrons. These combinations result in stable semiconductors, known as II–VI semiconductors, materials that have long been favored in research for their ability to produce high-quality nanocrystals even at relatively low temperatures. As a result, the use of cadmium in quantum dot synthesis was considered an academic standard for many years.

In contrast, indium (In) — an alternative to cadmium with three valence electrons — forms covalent bonds[2] with elements such as phosphorus (P), which has five valence electrons. Covalent bonds are generally less stable than ionic bonds and have a directional nature, increasing the likelihood of defects during nanocrystal synthesis. These characteristics have made indium a challenging material to work with in both research and mass production.

“It is difficult to achieve high crystallinity in quantum dots made from indium phosphide,” Lee noted. “A complex and demanding synthesis process is required to meet the quality standards necessary for commercialization.”

No Compromise – From Breakthrough to Mass Production

“There is simply no room for compromise when it comes to consumer safety.”

— Sanghyun Son, Samsung Electronics

Samsung, however, took a different approach.

“We had been researching and developing quantum dot technology since 2001,” said Sanghyun Sohn, Head of Advanced Display Lab, Visual Display (VD) Business at Samsung Electronics. “But early on, we determined that cadmium — which is harmful to the human body — was not suitable for commercialization. While regulations in some countries technically allow up to 100 parts per million (ppm) of cadmium in electronic products, Samsung adopted a zero-cadmium policy from the start. No cadmium, no compromise — that was our strategy. There is simply no room for compromise when it comes to consumer safety”

▲ Sanghyun Sohn

Samsung’s long-standing commitment to its principle of “No Compromise on Safety” came to the forefront in 2014 when the company successfully developed its first no-cadmium quantum dot material. To ensure both durability and image quality, Samsung introduced a triple-layer protective coating technology that shields indium phosphide nanoparticles from external factors such as oxygen and light. The following year, Samsung launched its first commercial SUHD TV with no-cadmium quantum dots — a paradigm shift in the display industry and the culmination of research efforts that began in the early 2000s.

“Indium phosphide-based quantum dots are inherently unstable and more difficult to synthesize compared to their cadmium-based counterparts, initially achieving only about 80% of the performance of cadmium-based quantum dots,” said Sohn. “However, through an intensive development process at the Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), we successfully raised performance to 100% and ensured reliability for more than 10 years.”

▲The three components of quantum dots

Quantum dots found in Samsung QLEDs are composed of three key components — a core, where light is emitted; a shell, which protects the core and stabilizes its structure; and a ligand, a polymer coating that enhances oxidation stability outside the shell. The essence of quantum dot technology lies in the seamless integration of these three elements, an advanced industrial process that spans from material acquisition and synthesis to mass production and the filing of numerous patents.

“None of the three components — core, shell or ligand can be overlooked,” added Lee. “Samsung’s technology for indium phosphide synthesis is outstanding.”

“Developing a technology in the lab is a challenge in itself, but commercialization requires an entirely different level of effort to ensure product stability and consistent color quality,” said Hyeon. “I was truly impressed that Samsung succeeded in commercializing a no-cadmium quantum dot display product.”

Setting the Quantum Dot Standard

“Research trends in the academic community shifted noticeably before and after the release of Samsung’s quantum dot TVs.”

— Doh Chang Lee, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

The optical properties of quantum dots are being applied to a wide range of fields, including solar cells, medicine and quantum computing. However, the quantum dot display remains the most actively researched and widely commercialized application to date — with Samsung emerging as a pioneer.

Building on years of foundational research and the introduction of its SUHD TVs, Samsung launched its QLED TVs in 2017 and set a new standard for premium displays. In 2022, the company pushed innovation further with the debut of QD-OLED TVs — Samsung’s first display to combine quantum dots with an OLED structure.

▲ A comparison of LCD, QLED and QD-OLED structures

QD-OLED is a next-generation display technology that integrates quantum dots into the self-emissive structure of OLED. This approach enables faster response times, deeper blacks and higher contrast ratios. Samsung’s QD-OLED was awarded Display of the Year in 2023 by the Society for Information Display (SID), the world’s largest organization dedicated to display technologies.

“Samsung has not only led the market with its indium phosphide-based quantum dot TVs but also remains the only company to have successfully integrated and commercialized quantum dots in OLEDs,” said Sohn. “By leveraging our leadership in quantum dot technology, we will continue to lead the future of display innovation.”

▲ Doh Chang Lee

“Research trends in the academic community shifted noticeably before and after the release of Samsung’s quantum dot TVs,” said Doh Chang Lee, a professor in the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST). “Since its launch, discussions have increasingly focused on practical applications rather than the materials themselves, reflecting the potential for real-world implementation through display technologies.”

“There have been many attempts to apply quantum dots in various fields including photocatalysis,” he added. “But these efforts remain in the early stages compared to their use in displays.”

Hyeon also noted that the successful commercialization of Samsung’s quantum dot TVs helped pave the way for Bawendi, Brus and Yekimov to receive the 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

“One of the most important criteria for the Nobel Prize is the extent to which a technology has contributed to humanity through commercialization,” he said. “Samsung’s QLED represents one of the most significant achievements in nanotechnology. Without its commercialization, it would have been difficult for quantum dots to earn Nobel recognition.”

Samsung’s Vision for Tomorrow’s Displays

Since the launch of its QLED TVs, Samsung has accelerated the growth of quantum dot technology in both industry and academia. When asked about the future of quantum dot displays, the experts shared their insights on what lies ahead.

“As a next-generation technology, we are currently exploring self-emissive quantum dots,” said Sohn. “Until now, quantum dots have relied on external light source to express red and green. Going forward, we aim to develop quantum dots that emit light independently through electroluminescence — producing all three primary colors by injecting electrical energy. We are also working on the development of blue quantum dots.”

“As electroluminescent materials make it possible to reduce the size of device components, we’ll be able to achieve the high resolution, efficiency and brightness required for virtual and augmented reality applications,” said Lee, predicting a major transformation in the future of displays.

“A good display is one the viewer doesn’t even recognize as a display,” said Sohn. “The ultimate goal is to deliver an experience that feels indistinguishable from reality. As a leader in quantum dot display innovation, we will proudly continue to move forward.”

With its continued leadership and bold technological vision, Samsung is shaping the future of displays and rewriting what’s possible with quantum dots.

To learn more, please visit: http://www.samsung.com/my/tvs/all-tvs/

[1] An ionic bond is a chemical bond formed when electrons are transferred between atoms, creating ions that are held together by electrical attraction.

[2] A covalent bond is a chemical bond in which two atoms share electrons.

— Sanghyun Sohn, Samsung Electronics

In 2023, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded for the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots. The Nobel Committee recognized the groundbreaking achievements of scientists in the field — noting that quantum dots have already made significant contributions to the display and medical industries, with broader applications expected in electronics, quantum communications and solar cells.

Quantum dots — ultra-fine semiconductor particles — emit different colors of light depending on their size, producing exceptionally pure and vivid hues. Samsung Electronics, the world’s leading TV manufacturer, has embraced this cutting-edge material to enhance display performance.

Samsung Newsroom sat down with Taeghwan Hyeon, distinguished professor in the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering at Seoul National University (SNU); Doh Chang Lee, professor in the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); and Sanghyun Sohn, Head of Advanced Display Lab, Visual Display (VD) Business at Samsung Electronics, to explore how quantum dots are ushering in a new era of display technology.

• Understanding the Band Gap
• Quantum Dots – The Smaller the Particle, the Larger the Band Gap
• Engineering Behind Quantum Dot Films
• Real QLED TVs Use Quantum Dots To Create Color

Understanding the Band Gap

“To understand quantum dots, one must first grasp the concept of the band gap.”

— Taeghwan Hyeon, Seoul National University

The movement of electrons causes electricity. Typically, the outermost electrons — known as valence electrons — are involved in this movement. The energy range where these electrons exist is called the valence band, while a higher, unoccupied energy range that can accept electrons is called the conduction band.

An electron can absorb energy to jump from the valence band to the conduction band. When  the excited electron releases that energy, it falls back into the valence band. The energy difference between these two bands — the amount of energy an electron must gain or lose to move between them — is known as the band gap.

▲ A comparison of energy band structures in insulators, semiconductors and conductors

Insulators like rubber and glass have large band gaps, preventing electrons from moving freely between bands. In contrast, conductors like copper and silver have overlapping valence and conduction bands — allowing electrons to move freely for high electrical conductivity.

Semiconductors have a band gap that falls between those of insulators and conductors — limiting conductivity under normal conditions but allowing electrical conduction or light emission when electrons are stimulated by heat, light or electricity.

“To understand quantum dots, one must first grasp the concept of the band gap,” said Hyeon, emphasizing that a material’s energy band structure is crucial in determining its electrical properties.

Quantum Dots – The Smaller the Particle, the Larger the Band Gap

“As quantum dot particles become smaller, the wavelength of emitted light shifts from red to blue.”

— Doh Chang Lee, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Quantum dots are nanoscale semiconductor crystals with unique electrical and optical properties. Measured in nanometers (nm) — or one-billionth of a meter — these particles are just a few thousandths the thickness of a human hair. When a semiconductor is reduced to the nanometer scale, its properties change significantly compared to its bulk state.

In bulk states, particles are sufficiently large so the electrons in the semiconductor material can move freely without being constrained by their own wavelength. This allows energy levels — the states that particles occupy when absorbing or releasing energy — to form a continuous spectrum, like a long slide with a gentle slope. In quantum dots, electron movement is restricted because the particle size is smaller than the electron’s wavelength.

▲ Size determines the band gap in quantum dots

Imagine scooping water(energy) from a large pot(bulk state) with a ladle(bandwidth corresponding to an electron’s wavelength). Using the ladle, one can adjust the amount of water in the pot freely from full to empty – this is the equivalent of continuous energy levels. However, when the pot shrinks to the size of a teacup — like a quantum dot — the ladle no longer fits. At that point, the cup can only be either full or empty. This illustrates the concept of quantized energy levels.

“When semiconductor particles are reduced to the nanometer scale, their energy levels become quantized — they can only exist in discontinuous steps,” said Hyeon. “This effect is called ‘quantum confinement.’ And at this scale, the band gap can be controlled by adjusting particle size.”

The number of molecules within the particle decreases as the size of the quantum dot decreases, resulting in weaker interactions of molecular orbitals. This strengthens the quantum confinement effect and increases the band gap.[1] Because the band gap corresponds to the energy released through relaxation of an electron from the conduction band to the valence band, the color of the emitted light changes accordingly.

“As particles become smaller, the wavelength of emitted light shifts from red to blue,” said Lee. “In other words, the size of the quantum dot nanocrystal determines its color.”

Engineering Behind Quantum Dot Films

“Quantum dot film is at the core of QLED TVs — a testament to Samsung’s deep technical expertise.”

— Doh Chang Lee, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Quantum dots have attracted attention across a variety of fields, including solar cells, photocatalysis, medicine and quantum computing. However, the display industry was the first to successfully commercialize the technology.

“One of the reasons Samsung focused on quantum dots is the exceptionally narrow peaks of their emission spectrum,” said Sohn. “Their narrow bandwidth and strong fluorescence make them ideal for accurately reproducing a wide spectrum of colors.”

▲ Quantum dots create ultra-pure red, green and blue (RGB) colors by controlling light at the nanoscale, producing narrow bandwidth and strong fluorescence.

To leverage quantum dots effectively in display technology, materials and structures must maintain high performance over time, under harsh conditions. Samsung QLED achieves this through the use of a quantum dot film.

“Accurate color reproduction in a display depends on how well the film utilizes the optical properties of quantum dots,” said Lee. “A quantum dot film must meet several key requirements for commercial use, such as efficient light conversion and translucence.”

▲ Sanghyun Sohn

The quantum dot film used in Samsung QLED displays is produced by adding a quantum dot solution to a polymer base heated to a very high-temperature, spreading it into a thin layer and then curing it. While this may sound simple, the actual manufacturing process is highly complex.

“It’s like trying to evenly mix cinnamon powder into sticky honey without making lumps — not an easy task,” said Sohn. “To evenly disperse quantum dots throughout the film, several factors such as materials, design and processing conditions must be carefully considered.”

Despite these challenges, Samsung pushed the boundaries of the technology. To ensure long-term durability in its displays, the company developed proprietary polymer materials specifically optimized for quantum dots.

“We’ve built extensive expertise in quantum dot technology by developing barrier films that block moisture and polymer materials capable of evenly dispersing quantum dots,” he added. “Through this, we not only achieved mass production but also reduced costs.”

Thanks to this advanced process, Samsung’s quantum dot film delivers precise color expression and outstanding luminous efficiency — all backed by industry-leading durability.

“Brightness is typically measured in nits, with one nit equivalent to the brightness of a single candle,” explained Sohn. “While conventional LEDs offer around 500 nits, our quantum dot displays can reach 2,000 nits or more — the equivalent of 2,000 candles — achieving a new level of image quality.”

▲ RGB gamut comparisons between visible light spectrum, sRGB and DCI-P3 in a CIE 1931 color space

* CIE 1930: A widely used color system announced in 1931 by the Commission internationale de l’éclairage
* sRGB (standard RGB): A color space created cooperatively by Microsoft and HP in 1996 for monitors and printers
* DCI-P3 (Digital Cinema Initiatives – Protocol 3): A color space widely used for digital HDR content, defined by Digital Cinema Initiatives for digital projectors

By leveraging quantum dots, Samsung has significantly enhanced both brightness and color expression — delivering a visual experience unlike anything seen before. In fact, Samsung QLED TVs achieve a color reproduction rate exceeding 90% of the DCI-P3 (Digital Cinema Initiatives – Protocol 3) color space, the benchmark for color accuracy in digital cinema.

“Even if you have made quantum dots, you need to ensure long-term stability for them to be useful,” said Lee. “Samsung’s industry-leading indium phosphide(InP)-based quantum dot synthesis and film production technologies are testament to Samsung’s deep technical expertise.”

Real QLED TVs Use Quantum Dots to Create Color

“The legitimacy of a quantum dot TV lies in whether or not it leverages the quantum confinement effect.”

— Taeghwan Hyeon, Seoul National University

As interest in quantum dots grows across the industry, a variety of products have entered the market. Nonetheless, not all quantum dot-labeled TVs are equal — quantum dots must sufficiently contribute to actual image quality.

▲ Taeghwan Hyeon

“The legitimacy of a quantum dot TV lies in whether or not it leverages the quantum confinement effect,” said Hyeon. “The first, fundamental requirement is to use quantum dots to create color.”

“To be considered a true quantum dot TV, quantum dots must serve as either the core light-converting or primary light-emitting material,” said Lee. “For light-converting quantum dots, the display must contain an adequate amount of quantum dots to absorb and convert blue light emitted by the backlight unit.”

▲ Doh Chang Lee

“Quantum dot film must contain a sufficient amount of quantum dots to perform effectively,” repeated Sohn, emphasizing the importance of quantum dot content. “Samsung QLED uses more than 3,000 parts per million (ppm) of quantum dot materials. 100% of the red and green colors are made through quantum dots.”

Samsung began developing quantum dot technology in 2001 and, in 2015, introduced it’s first no-cadmium quantum dot TV — the SUHD TV. In 2017, the company launched its premium QLED lineup, further solidifying its leadership in the quantum dot display industry.

In the second part of this interview series, Samsung Newsroom takes a closer look at how Samsung not only commercialized quantum dot display technology but also developed a cadmium-free quantum dot material — an innovation recognized by Nobel Prize-winning researchers in chemistry.

To learn more, please visit: http://www.samsung.com/my/tvs/all-tvs/

[1] When a semiconductor material is in its bulk state, the band gap remains fixed at a value characteristic of the material and does not depend on particle size.

Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. today announced that the quantum dot (QD) sheet used in its QD TVs has received certification for compliance with the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directive and has been verified to contain no cadmium by the global certification institute, Société Générale de Surveillance (SGS).

SGS, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, is a world-leading testing and certification body that provides services to ensure organizations meet stringent quality and safety standards across various industries, including electronic products, food and the environment.

In addition to receiving recognition from SGS for the no-cadmium technology in Samsung’s quantum dot film, the company’s compliance with the EU’s RoHS directive assures the safety of the TV viewing experience.

“Samsung’s quantum dot TVs are built on safe technology that complies with restrictions on hazardous substances while delivering unmatched picture quality,” said Taeyong Son, Executive Vice President of Visual Display Business at Samsung Electronics. “Achieving SGS certification fully validates the safety of our products. With this recognition, we are committed to continuously developing sustainable display technologies.”

Samsung began researching quantum dot technology in 2001, and its ongoing commitment to research and investment has positioned it at the forefront of innovation in the global display market.

After developing the no-cadmium quantum dot material in 2014, Samsung launched TVs that implemented the technology the following year. Since then, the company has been leading quantum dot technology through continuous technological advancements.

In particular, Samsung successfully created nanocrystal material without cadmium and has secured around 150 patents for the technology. With this extensive expertise and technological progress, the company has ushered in an era of safer quantum dot TVs made with materials that do not contain harmful substances.

For more information, please visit: https://www.samsung.com/my/

Quantum Dots: The Next Generation of Display Innovation

Quantum dots are ultra-fine semiconductor particles that are tens of thousands of times thinner than a human hair. Since inception, their physical characteristics that allow them to provide the highest level of color accuracy and brightness among existing materials had them positioned to revolutionize display technology.

When used in displays, quantum dots support a wide color gamut that closely matches colors perceived by the human eye and facilitate pixel-level light adjustment for more accurate black levels. Emitting light in all directions, quantum dots deliver uniform luminance and consistent color from any viewing angle while minimizing blue light exposure for a more comfortable viewing experience.

▲ SUHD TVs at CES 2015

What Sets Quantum Dot TVs Apart: Content, Film Quality and N-Cadmium Technology

The TV industry continues research and development into the commercialization of quantum dots as the material becomes a game-changer in display technology. For that reason, a variety of quantum dot TVs have hit the market recently — offering a wide range of options to customers.

However, key differences in quantum dot TVs lie in how the technology is implemented and the overall quality of the display. To ensure a premium viewing experience, factors such as the amount of quantum dot content, the quality of quantum dot film and the use of no-cadmium materials must be considered.

▲ Factors to consider when selecting a high-quality quantum dot TV

Quantum Dot Content

The true quality of a quantum dot TV is defined by its quantum dot content. The quantum dot film requires a minimum of 3,000 parts per million (ppm) of the material to achieve the vivid, rich picture quality and color expression that only quantum dots can deliver.

Quantum Dot Film

Samsung QLEDs eliminate the need for a phosphor layer, enhancing light and energy efficiency while delivering more vivid colors. A quantum dot OLED (QD-OLED), which consists of a thin-film transistor (TFT) layer,[1] a self-emitting light source and a quantum dot film that uses the light emitted from the light source, takes a step further enhancing picture quality. In either case, a dedicated quantum dot film that contains sufficient quantum dots is key in delivering top-class picture quality and longevity.

▲ A comparison of QD-OLED and LCD displays

No Cadmium

In the early stages of developing quantum dot TVs, cadmium was essential to achieving the key benefits of quantum dots such as color reproduction and contrast ratio. At the time, cadmium was considered the most efficient material for producing quantum dots.

However, cadmium’s toxicity became a significant obstacle to the commercialization of quantum dot technology. The element posed serious threats to the environment — making its widespread use difficult despite being the most suitable material for implementing quantum dot technology.

In response to this challenge, Samsung developed the no-cadmium quantum dot material in 2014 and successfully commercialized quantum dot technology with its SUHD TVs in the following year to open a new era of quantum dot TVs.

10 Years of Quantum Dot Innovation and Leadership

Samsung has quickly recognized the potential of quantum dot technology and led innovation in the global display market over the past decade through continuous research and investment.

▲ A timeline of Samsung’s quantum dot technology development from 2001 to 2022

Samsung began researching and developing quantum dot technology in 2001 — at a time when there was limited research on non-cadmium materials. Achieving vivid colors required making the nano-sized particles uniform, but the lack of technology and research made mass production extremely challenging.

Despite these obstacles, Samsung succeeded in creating a no-cadmium nanocrystal material in 2014. Since then, the company has accumulated extensive expertise — registering more than 150 patents — and continuously worked on advancing the technology. Samsung’s long-standing commitment culminated in 2015 when the company unveiled their first SUHD TVs with no-cadmium quantum dot technology.

▲ QLED TVs (75Q8C and 88Q8F) at Samsung’s First Look 2017 event during CES 2017

Samsung’s QLED lineup was revealed in 2017, setting a new standard for premium TVs that overcame the limitations of OLED TVs. By applying metal quantum dot technology, Samsung achieved the Digital Cinema Initiative’s color standard DCI-P3 and achieved 100% color volume for the first time in the world — thereby presenting unparalleled color expression. Notably, the use of inorganic quantum dot technology protected the screens from burn-in[2] to ensure consistent picture quality over time.

▲ (From left to right) Kwang-Hee Kim, Dr. Taehyung Kim, Dr, Eunjoo Jang, Sungwoo Kim and Seon-Myeong Choi from Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology

Following its success in developing a red light-emitting element for displays in 2019, the company enhanced the luminous efficiency of blue self-emitting QLEDs — considered the most challenging to implement among the three primary QLED colors[3] — to an industry-leading 20.2%.

“Discovering a blue material for self-emitting QLEDs and demonstrating industry-leading performance at the device level were significant achievements of this research,” said Dr. Eunjoo Chang, a fellow at Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology. “Samsung’s distinctive quantum dot technology has once again overcome technical barriers.”

These cutting-edge advancements led to the launch of the QD-OLED TVs, making history at CES 2022 by winning the Best of Innovation award for integrating quantum dot technology and OLED displays.

Samsung remains dedicated to advancing quantum dot technology through continuous innovation. The company continues to invest in leading display technology — from QLED to Neo OLED — by offering high brightness, color accuracy and frequency. Driven by Samsung’s unrivaled quantum dot innovations, the future of display technology is brighter than ever.

For more information, please visit: https://www.samsung.com/my/tvs/all-tvs/

[1] An electronic circuit that adjusts and controls the light-emitting layers

[2] Occurs when a static image is displayed for too long, causing color distortions or ghost images to remain on screen

[3] Red, green and blue

However, simply having a larger screen does not always result in a hyper-realistic viewing experience. As we enter the era of ultra-large TVs, Samsung Electronics has been upgrading its screen technology to provide the best in-home entertainment. To learn more about these changes, Samsung Newsroom is exploring three key features that make the large-screen experience truly exceptional.

8K Resolution: The Key to Unlocking the Full Potential of Bigger TVs

While screen sizes may be getting bigger, this does not mean that picture quality is better by default. If the size of a TV screen was increased without considering the number of pixels, the resulting image would be blurry, low-resolution and, overall, much worse.

In order to improve picture quality, the space on a bigger screen must be filled with more pixels. As such, Samsung’s Neo QLED 8K has four times the number of pixels than 4K TVs. This means that even on ultra-large screens, Samsung’s Real 8K Resolution maintains premium picture quality with densely packed Mini LEDs and upgraded processing.

While Samsung has been at the forefront of evolving screen trends by leading the era of ultra-large TVs, it has also been innovating the technologies that power them. The two driving forces that enhance picture quality for Samsung’s latest Neo QLED 8K are the Neural Quantum Processor 8K, which analyzes and optimizes content to make full use of the 33 million pixels, and Quantum Matrix Technology Pro, which leverages a plethora of technologies to offer precise control for each of the Mini LEDs.

Neural Quantum Processor 8K: Enhancing the Resolution, Color and Depth With 64 Neural Networks

While Samsung Neo QLED 8K TVs offer best-in-market picture quality, not all content is readily available in 8K. To ensure that every single detail springs to life on screen, Samsung’s Neo QLED 8K is powered by the state-of-the-art Neural Quantum Processor 8K to upscale lower-resolution content in real time. Samsung’s Neural Quantum Processor 8K uses 64 different neural networks to analyze video and optimize image quality. It is trained to recognize underlying patterns and relationships in pictures, transforming low-resolution images into high-resolution by comparing the original set of images to processed results in each neural network.

While higher resolution sources ultimately create better picture outputs, there may be sources that come in Standard Definition (SD or 480p), High Definition (HD or 720p) or Full High Definition (FHD or 1080p). With Samsung’s Neural Quantum Processor 8K, those shows and movies will be transformed into stunning 8K resolution to deliver the most immersive picture yet.

Samsung’s advanced processor also powers innovations such as Auto HDR Remastering, a feature that takes full advantage of the screen’s wide color gamut and incredible peak brightness. AI technology analyzes each scene to make it more colorful and vivid, bringing out the details in both bright and dark spots.

High Dynamic Range (HDR) video formats the display using a wider range of colors with brighter highlights when compared to Standard Dynamic Range content. This means that with Auto HDR Remastering — and the extraordinary contrast powered by Quantum Matrix Technology Pro with Quantum Dot technology — everything you watch is more compelling.

Samsung’s Neo QLED 8K also offers Real Depth Enhancer Pro. With upgraded AI deep learning, Real Depth Enhancer Pro pinpoints where the viewer is focusing on the screen and brings that object into the foreground. With figures on the screen separated from their background, you see a more three-dimensional looking image. Additionally, the Neural Quantum Processor provides a sense of depth paired with incredible levels of detail and vivid color reproduction, immersing you in whatever you choose to watch.

Quantum Matrix Technology Pro: The Ultimate Precision With Quantum Mini LEDs and 14-bit Processing

Another critical piece of technology powering the Neo QLED 8K’s picture is Quantum Matrix Technology Pro, which uses Quantum Mini LEDs to dramatically enhance black levels and contrast with precise backlight control.

The Quantum Mini LED is 1/40 the size of a conventional LED. This makes for a screen that is more densely packed with LEDs, improving picture quality while maintaining the Neo QLED 8K TV’s vibrant colors and bright highlights.

To provide the best image quality, 14-bit HDR processing allows for maximized contrast, expressing unimaginable levels of detail in both the brightest and darkest parts of the image. This ensures even the most subtle details are visible to users in every single scene.

Furthermore, Quantum Matrix Technology powers Samsung’s Shape Adaptive Light Control. This feature precisely adjusts backlighting to accommodate what’s on the screen, enhancing the clarity of everything you watch. Because the backlight control is so accurate, this prevents blooming — or when bright light from on-screen objects blends into surrounding darker areas. As a result, bright highlights stay bright and dark scenes stay dark with more details visible than ever before.

Expanding Consumers’ TV Usage

In a nutshell, 8K resolution densely fills the ultra-large screens while the Neural Quantum Processor 8K and Quantum Matrix Technology work together to create a picture that is cinematic in the truest sense. Sharp details, accurate colors, precise contrast and a realistic sense of depth allow the Neo QLED 8K to showcase stunning picture quality and captivate viewers everywhere.

As the size of the average screens at home has evolved, so has the technology within them. This provides users with greater detail, color and motion so content looks even more brilliant in this larger format.

Elevate the Premium Viewing Experience With Neo QLED 8K

Stepping above and beyond the already high-performing Neo QLED 4K, consumers find Samsung Neo QLED 8K. These screens offer the dazzling picture quality users have come to expect from Samsung in even more brilliant 8K resolution. Powered by Neo Quantum Processor 8K, the state-of-the-art upscaling neural networks ensure that all content is displayed with utmost precision and immaculate picture quality.

As streaming platforms begin to offer content optimized for a larger 1.9:1 screen ratio, perfect for an immersive cinematic experience, having an 8K TV with premium picture quality is a sure-fire way to future-proof a home entertainment set up.

Ushering in the Era of Premium Viewing With Neo QLED 4K

At the forefront of premium screens lie Samsung Neo QLEDs — with state-of-the-art Mini LED and Quantum dot technology that offers superb contrast and vivid, accurate color reproduction. The exceptional picture quality of the Neo QLEDs is even more evident when taken to a larger screen.

The QN95C 85”— Samsung’s Neo QLED 4K — offers consumers the pinnacle of ultra-fine light control thanks to Quantum Matrix Technology powered by a massive grid of Quantum Mini LEDs. This allows viewers to see every single detail on the screen, even in the darkest of scenes, with deeper color and contrast. Subtle nuances in light and color are analyzed and shifted scene by scene so that each and every frame is of the highest quality.

If you’re looking to upgrade your home entertainment, guess what? Samsung Malaysia is proud to announce exclusive deals when you register to find out about 2023 TV lineup. Register from now until 2 May 2023 to receive an exclusive instant rebate of RM500 e-voucher and FREE TV upgrade with savings worth up to RM4,500 upon early order of selected 2023 TV models. If you want to know more or reserve your place in line for 2023 TV lineup, register now for news alert on Samsung’s website at https://www.samsung.com/my/firstlook/tvs-2023/pr. Stay tuned for greater deals on 3 May 2023!

Register now and be the first to know all about Samsung OLED TV, the all-new intelligent Smart TV with latest advancements in picture quality, sound technology, and design that delivers the most optimal viewing experience for all purposes – from work, entertainment and gaming to social communication.

Unveiled globally at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas earlier this year, Samsung OLED TV feature over 8 million self-lit pixels partnered with Quantum Dot Technology that can deliver brighter, more accurate highlights and realistic colours.

The OLED Smart TV comes packed with AI processor and offers incredible sound quality of Samsung Object Tracking Sound and Q-Symphony with Dolby Atmos® sound, Tizen OS for smart features, all wrapped up in a LaserSlim design.

Register now from 7 to 20 November 2022 and be entitled for an exclusive gift worth RM2,599 upon pre-order. If you want to know more or reserve your place in line for OLED TV, please visit Samsung’s website www.samsung.com/my/offer/tv/oled-roi/.

As a pioneer of Korean abstract painting, Kim Whanki created his unique and characteristic art with refined, formative expression that is based on Korean lyricism. He was recognized for his artworks in centers for modern art that include Paris and New York.

Samsung Electronics has been partnering with Whanki Museum since 2018 to introduce a range of Kim Whanki’s artworks to global customers and provide easier access to Korean modern art.

Samsung Newsroom reached out to Whanki Museum curator Min-A Sung to talk about how art can serve as a medium for both communication and empathy.

Fostering Artistic Energy and ‘Art For All’

▲ Exterior view of Whanki Museum

Whanki Museum, established in 1992, creates a variety of artistic and cultural content through the research, exhibition and publication of the work of contemporary artists. The museum also provides educational programs and seeks to embody the philosophy of ‘Art for All’ by running a range of programs that expose disadvantaged groups to art and culture. “Whanki Museum will become an open venue for facilitating communication and building empathy based on artistic energy,” says the museum representative. “The partnership with The Frame Art Store provides increased opportunities for us to share our culture and art.”

▲ Inside Whanki Museum

How Samsung Communicates With Global Consumers Through The Frame Art Store

The museum representative also mentions that the ways people consume art are changing. “Art now influences our day-to-day lives,” they say. “In order to keep up with these shifts, we need to introduce new ways for people to experience art, and try to partner with experts to combine art and IT technology.”

▲ Morning Star, 1964

The representative adds that they have high hopes for the collaboration between the museum and Samsung. “Vivid color and contrast, which deliver a refined sense of rhythm, are key aspects of Kim’s artistic style,” they say. “The Frame’s QLED 4K display is the perfect medium for his work to be showcased to viewers around the world.”

With Quantum Dot technology that allows more than a billion colors to be displayed at 100% color volume, The Frame allows artistic intent to come through vividly on a bright screen with accurate color reproduction.

Master KIM Whanki’s Artistic Vision Realized on The Frame

Whanki Museum has introduced ten of Kim’s major works to The Frame Art Store since 2018. This has allowed users to enjoy major works such as Deer and Eternity Song, as well as a variety of pieces that were not easily accessible to the public before.

▲ 12-V-70 #172, 1970

In addition to displaying Kim’s artworks, The Frame Art Store also provides background information on the pieces. “The curatorial department has created descriptions for each artwork to provide resources that deliver a range of perspectives and introduce Kim’s artistic vision to more people,” relates the representative. “We hope the detailed explanations provided by Whanki Museum will help users experience the pieces in vivid and stunning quality, just as though they were viewing them in a gallery.”

The Frame Art Store offers a comprehensive, ever-expanding collection of artworks to satisfy customers’ needs and match any environment or atmosphere. Its catalog now includes around 1,600 artworks from a range of periods and styles that were sourced from 40 famous museums and galleries and are displayed in exceptional 4K resolution.